The settlement site, a 234 m high rock of dark trachyte directly by the sea, was already inhabited in the Bronze Age. In the 7th century BC Assos was founded from Methymna on the neighbouring island of Lesbos. The city was a member of the Attic-Dellic Sea Alliance, but apparently played no role in the Greek-Persian conflicts of the 5th and 4th centuries BC. It was not until the Satrap uprising that it became significant, and in 366 BC the rebel Satrap Ariobarzanes fortified himself here. Since about 360 BC it was under the rule of Eubulos and his successor Hermeias. At this time Aristotle also lived in Assos. 334-241 B.C. the city was located in the territory of Alexander the Great and the following Seleucids. 241-133 B.C. Assos belonged to the Empire of the Attalids of Pergamum before it became part of the Roman Empire. Still in 1306 the Greeks were able to defend the fortress of Assos, which was only in the area of the old Acropolis, against the Ottomans, but shortly afterwards the settlement became their property.

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