The temple of Dionysos in Pergamon is located on the north side of the 245 m long theatre terrace, below the ancient Hellenistic theatre. The temple and theatre terrace were built in the first half of the 2nd century BC under Eumenes II (King of Pergamon of the Attalid family). The temple was about 5 meters above the level of the theatre terrace. A 25-step flight of steps led up to the temple.

Dionysus is a god of wine, joy, grapes, fertility, madness and ecstasy in the Greek world of gods. He was also called Bromios (noise), Bakchos or Bacchus (caller) by the Greeks and Romans because of the noise his entourage made. He is the youngest of the great Greek gods. In literature and poetry he is often called Lysios and Lyäus, the worry breaker.
Dionysus's father is Zeus. As his son Dionysos also bore the name Sabazios (saba-zios: son of Zeus). Demeter, Io, Persephone as well as Lethe and a mortal named Semele are named as mother.